Syllabus: 

GS3: Science and Technology- Developments and their Applications and Effects in Everyday Life.

Context:

Recently, the Union Energy Minister has announced that the Centre is ready to set up a nuclear power plant in Bihar as part of its plan to establish six Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) across the country.

More on the News

• Announced in the Union Budget 2025–26 with an allocation of ₹20,000 crore, the Nuclear Energy Mission aims to expand clean and reliable nuclear power nationwide and enhance regional energy security. 
• The government’s goal is to set up at least one nuclear power plant in every state to ensure the country’s energy security.
• In addition to the nuclear plant, the Centre has approved a 1,000 MW battery storage project in Bihar to strengthen grid stability and facilitate renewable energy integration.
• The government will extend viability gap funding of ₹18 lakh per megawatt to support this initiative.

Small Modular Reactors

• Small modular reactors (SMRs) are advanced nuclear reactors that have a power capacity of up to 300 MW(e) per unit, which is about one-third of the generating capacity of traditional nuclear power reactors. 
• This newer generation of nuclear technology designed to be more flexible and cost-effective than traditional large-scale reactors
• They can be deployed in smaller grids and are considered safer due to their advanced design. 

Significance for Bihar 

• Bihar currently imports 30% of its power; the NPP will reduce dependence on coal.
• An estimated investment of ₹20,000 crore, job creation in construction & operations.
• Nuclear energy emits near-zero CO₂, aiding India’s climate goals.

Nuclear Energy 

• Nuclear energy is a form of energy released from the nucleus, the core of atoms, made up of protons and neutrons. This source of energy can be produced in two ways: fission, when nuclei of atoms split into several parts, or fusion, when nuclei fuse together.
• Nuclear fission is a reaction where the nucleus of an atom splits into two or more smaller nuclei, while releasing energy.
• Nuclear fusion is the process of merging two atomic nuclei to form a heavier one, releasing vast energy, powering stars like the sun and offering potential as a clean, limitless energy source on Earth.

Nuclear Energy Mission

• The Indian government has launched a Nuclear Energy Mission with the goal of achieving 100 GW of nuclear power capacity by 2047. 
• This mission is a key part of India's energy transition strategy, aiming to reduce reliance on fossil fuels and ensure energy security. 
• The mission includes developing Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) and attracting private sector investment.