Context:

Recently, researchers have made an exciting discovery of two new species of freshwater fish named Garra zubzaensis and Psilorhynchus kosygini in the rivers of Nagaland. 

About New Fish Species:

• The discovery of Garra zubzaensis and Psilorhynchus kosygini showcases the unique aquatic ecosystems found in Nagaland's rivers. 
• These torrent minnows are adapted to thrive in fast-flowing waters, emphasizing the need for preserving their natural habitats to maintain biodiversity.
• Torrent Minnows are small freshwater fish found in fast-flowing streams and belonging to the genus Psilorhynchus within the family Psilorhynchidae.

Garra zubzaensis:

Habitat: 

• This species was discovered and named after the Zubza River, a tributary of the Brahmaputra River located in Kohima district. 
• The river's rocky and fast-flowing environment is ideal for this fish.

Physical Features: 

• Garra zubzaensis is characterized by a weakly developed proboscis, a rounded snout, and a distinctive black V-shaped band on its caudal fin. 
• It has 34 lateral-line scales that aid in sensing water movements.
• This fish has evolved with a streamlined body that allows it to navigate swiftly through strong currents. Its gular discs enable it to cling to surfaces while foraging for food.

Psilorhynchus kosygini:

Habitat: 

• Found in the Tepuiki River, a tributary of the Barak River.
• This species thrives in fast-flowing, shaded waters with a gravel and rocky substrate. 

Physical Features: 

• Psilorhynchus kosygini is notable for its unique scale arrangement, featuring 3–4 mid-ventral scales between the pelvic fins and anal opening. 
• It possesses 41–42 lateral-line scales, which assist in detecting movement in turbulent waters.    

Figure: Psilorhynchus kosygini

• Named in honor of Dr. Kosygin Laishram, a prominent scientist at the Zoological Survey of India.
• The discovery of these fishes highlights their significance within South Asian freshwater biodiversity and the need for their conservation.