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INDIAN EXPRESS

1.

MENHIR

THE MUDUMAL megalithic menhirs in Telangana's Narayanpet district are set to be the second UNESCO World Heritage Site in the state, and one of the six Indian sites to be added to the tentative list by the World Heritage Centre in 2025. A menhir is a standing or an upright stone usually tapered at the top. It is man-made, in that it is sculpted and placed by humans, and usually quite large – the largest surviving menhir, the Grand Menhir Brisé or the Great Broken Menhir in Brittany, France, once stood 20.6 m tall. The term 'menhir' is derived from the Brittonic "maen" meaning "stone", and "hîr" meaning "long", and entered the archaeological lexicon in the late 18th century. It was first used by French military officer and Celticist antiquarian Théophile Corret de la Tour d'Auvergne.


2.

SPANISH FOSSILS MAY REPRESENT UNKNOWN HUMAN SPECIES: STUDY

SCIENTISTS HAVE unearthed in Spain fossilised facial bones roughly 1.1 million to 1.4 million years old that may represent a previously unknown species in the human evolutionary lineage. The fossils from the Sima del Elefante cave site near the city of Burgos comprise fragments spanning 80% of the left side of an adult individual's middle face, including parts of the cheekbone and upper jaw with the nasal structure. They are among the oldest-known human fossils from Europe. The researchers nicknamed the fossil "Pink," honouring the band, Pink Floyd. 


3.

One more tiger reserve: why India needs them, the challenges some face 

MADHAV NATIONAL Park in Shivpuri district, Madhya Pradesh, was declared a tiger reserve earlier this month, taking the tally of such reserves in the country to 58. The latest tiger reserve is spread over an area of 1,651 sq km, and currently has six tigers, including a cub. It is hoped that the notification of the new reserve will aid the movement of tigers in the Ranthambore-Kuno-Madhav National Park corridor, identified as a promising habitat for a growing tiger population. Project Tiger was launched with nine tiger reserves - Manas (Assam), Jim Corbett (now in Uttarakhand), Kanha (Madhya Pradesh), Palamau (now in Jharkhand), Ranthambore (Rajasthan), Simlipal (Odisha), Melghat (Maharashtra), Bandipur (Karnataka), and the Sundarbans (West Bengal). These reserves were notified in areas where national parks already existed and were provided funding through a centrally sponsored scheme.  


4.

BREAKING THROUGH

THE PERFORMANCE OF Indian institutes in the QS University World Ranking System, released last week, shows that their initiatives to upgrade the research ecosystem are yielding results. Nine institutes in the country figure in the top 50 and 79 Indian universities have made it to the list, up from 69 last year. Indian universities are particularly well represented in engineering (24 institutes), social sciences (20 institutes) and natural sciences (19 institutes). It's heartening that at a time when several reports and surveys have called out the skill deficit of Indian graduates, the QS survey speaks of the strides taken by the country's top universities to improve their standing among employers. However, QS 2025 also shows where the country lags in its endeavours to become a top knowledge economy destination. It underlines that India's elite universities need to improve student learning experiences and enhance their global presence. 


5.

The Five Eyes fracture 

AS TOP INTELLIGENCE officials from several friendly nations – including the US Director of National Intelligence Tulsi Gabbard gather in Delhi for annual consultations, there is a growing political buzz over the future of the Five Eyes, the world's most powerful intelligence alliance. Formed during World War II, the "Five Eyes" - comprising Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the UK, and the US now faces an unprecedented internal crisis, triggered by profound shifts in US policy in Donald Trump's second term. During the Cold War, the Five Eyes played a critical role in monitoring Soviet and Warsaw Pact communications. After 9/11, the Five Eyes expanded its scope of work to cover counterterrorism and cybersecurity. In the past decade, the alliance turned its focus toward China, warning against the risks posed by companies like Huawei.


6.

LOOK TO THE SEA

INDIA REITERATED ITS commitment to the Global South during Prime Minister Narendra Modi's two-day visit to Mauritius, where he announced the MAHASAGAR vision. This builds on his 2015 formulation of SAGAR - Security and Growth for All in the (Indian Ocean) Region which was also announced at Port Louis during his first visit to the island nation 10 years ago. In the current US-triggered geopolitical churn, medium and smaller powers are looking for proven competence, credibility, and long-term empathy from the major powers. China has been perceived as a substantive donor but rapacious and unrelenting when it comes to repayment, and both Sri Lanka and Pakistan have had less than satisfactory experiences with Beijing. 


7.

SpaceX crew docks, stranded Williams & Wilmore set to return after 9 months

A SPACEX capsule delivered four astronauts to the International Space Station early in a NASA crew-swap mission that will allow a pair of stuck astronauts, Butch Wilmore and Sunita Williams, to return home after nine months on the orbiting lab. They were welcomed by the station's seven-member crew, which includes Wilmore and Williams - veteran NASA astronauts and retired Navy test pilots who have remained on the station after problems with Boeing's Starliner capsule forced NASA to bring it back empty. took office in January. Wilmore and Williams are scheduled to depart the ISS on Wednesday as early as 0800 GMT along with NASA astronaut Nick Hague and Russian cosmonaut Aleksandr Gorbunov. Until then, there will be 11 aboard the orbiting lab, representing the US, Russia and Japan.


8.

India, New Zealand to relaunch FTA talks after a gap of 10 years

INDIA AND New Zealand announced the relaunch of free trade agreement (FTA) talks after a 10-year break, following a meeting between New Zealand's Trade Minister Todd McClay and Commerce Minister Piyush Goyal here, the Ministry of Commerce and Industry said. The announcement of the talks comes as India has stated its aim to conclude trade negotiations with the US and the European Union this year. Trade talks with Australia for a comprehensive deal are also in progress along with renegotiation of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) trade deal. The trade talks were announced as the Prime Minister of New Zealand, Christopher Luxon, began his four-day visit to India, during which he is set to meet Prime Minister Narendra Modi. Luxon will be accompanied by a high-level delegation, including ministers, senior officials, and business representatives. 


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